Gregori Korso - Gregory Corso

Gregori Korso
Gregory Corso.jpg
Tug'ilgan
Gregori Nunzio Corso

(1930-03-26)1930 yil 26 mart
Nyu-York shahri, Nyu-York, AQSh
O'ldi2001 yil 17-yanvar(2001-01-17) (70 yosh)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, AQSh
KasbShoir, yozuvchi
HarakatBeat, postmodernizm

Gregori Nunzio Corso (1930 yil 26 mart - 2001 yil 17 yanvar) amerikalik shoir, atrofidagi eng yosh Beat Generation yozuvchilar (bilan Jek Keruak, Allen Ginsberg va Uilyam S. Burrouz ).[1]

Hayotning boshlang'ich davri

Nyu-York shahridagi Nunzio Korsoda tug'ilgan Sent-Vinsent kasalxonasi, Keyinchalik Corso tasdiqlash nomi sifatida "Gregori" nomini tanladi.[iqtibos kerak ] Kichik Italiya va uning jamoasi ichida u "Nunzio" bo'lgan, boshqalari bilan esa "Gregori" deb ishlagan. U tez-tez "Nunzio" ni "Annunziato", qisqartiruvchi farishta sifatida ishlatardi Jabroil, shuning uchun shoir. Corso nafaqat Jabroil, balki u bilan ham tanishdi Germes, ilohiy xabarchi.

Korsoning onasi Mishelina Korso (tug'ilgan Colonna) yilda tug'ilgan Miglianiko, Abruzzo, Italiya va to'qqiz yoshida, onasi va boshqa to'rt singlisi bilan AQShga ko'chib kelgan. 16 yoshida u birinchi avlod italiyalik amerikalik Sem Korsoga uylandi, shuningdek o'spirin va o'sha yili Nunzio Korso tug'ildi. Ular burchakda yashashgan Bleekker va MacDougal, qalbi Grinvich qishlog'i va yuqori Kichik Italiya.

Bolalik

Kursoning onasi birinchi yilida uni sirli ravishda tark etib, uni katolik cherkovi xayriya tashkilotining bo'limi - Nyu-Yorkdagi bolalar uyida qoldirgan. Korsoning otasi Sem "Fortunato" Korso, kiyim-kechak markazining ishchisi, go'dakni topib, uni zudlik bilan mehribonlik uyiga joylashtirdi. Mishelina Nyu-Yorkka Trentondan kelgan, ammo uning hayotiga Sem tahdid qilgan. Mishelinaning opa-singillaridan biri Nyu-Jersidagi mafiya bilan turmush qurgan, u Mixelinaga uning "qasosini", ya'ni Semni o'ldirishni taklif qilgan. Mishelina rad etdi va Trentonga bolasiz qaytdi. Sem doimiy ravishda Korsoga onasi Italiyaga qaytib, oilani tark etganini aytdi. Unga, shuningdek, u fohisha va "disgraziata" (sharmandali) bo'lganligi va Italiya surguniga majburlanganligi aytilgan. Sem bir necha marta yosh bolaga: "Men sizni hojatxonaga tushirishim kerak edi", dedi. Korso onasining g'oyib bo'lganligi haqidagi haqiqatni bilib olishidan 67 yil oldin edi.

Corso keyingi 11 yilni kamida beshta turli xil uylarda tarbiyalashda o'tkazdi. Otasi unga kamdan-kam tashrif buyurgan. Bunday qilganda, Korsoga tez-tez zulm qilishardi: "Men jello to'kib tashlagan bo'lar edim, va homiylar meni kaltaklashardi. Keyin otam tashrif buyuradi va u meni yana urib yuboradi - bu ikki karra g'azab". Tarbiyalanuvchi bola sifatida Korso cherkov yordam bergan minglab odamlar orasida edi depressiya, iqtisodiyot ko'tarilayotganda oilalarni tiklash niyatida. Corso katolik cherkov maktablariga borgan, qurbongoh qurboni bo'lgan va iqtidorli talaba bo'lgan. Uning otasi harbiy chaqiruvdan qochish uchun 1941 yilda Gregorini uyiga olib kelgan. Shunga qaramay, Sem Korso chaqirilgan[2] va chet elga yuborildi.

U holda yolg'iz Corso Kichik Italiya ko'chalarida uysiz bolaga aylandi. Issiqlik uchun u qishda metrolarda uxlar, keyin yozda tomlarda uxlardi. U katolik maktabida o'qishni davom ettirdi, rasmiylarga ko'chada yashayotganini aytmadi. Ruxsat bilan u Kichik Italiyadagi nonvoyxonadan nonushta nonini oldi. Ko'chalardagi oziq-ovqat do'konining savdogarlari unga ish olib borish evaziga ovqat berishardi.

Yoshlik

13 yoshida Corso qo'shnisiga tushdi mashinasini etkazib berishni so'radi. U topshiriqni bajarayotganda, o'tib ketayotgan kishi tushdi mashinasi uchun pul (94 dollar atrofida) taklif qildi va Corso uni sotib yubordi. U pulga galstuk va oq ko'ylak sotib oldi va ko'rish uchun kiyindi Bernadet qo'shig'i, Bibi Maryamning sirli ko'rinishi haqida film Bernadette Soubirous da Lourdes. Filmdan qaytayotganda politsiya uni qo'lga oldi. Korso mo''jiza izlayotganini, ya'ni onasini topmoqchi ekanligini da'vo qildi. Korso avliyolarga va muqaddas odamlarga umrbod mehr qo'ygan: "Ular mening yagona qahramonlarim edi". Shunga qaramay, u mayda o'g'irlik uchun hibsga olingan va qamoqqa tashlangan Qabrlar, Nyu-Yorkdagi taniqli qamoqxona. Corso, atigi 13 yoshda bo'lsa ham, xotinini tornavida bilan qayta-qayta pichoqlab qo'ygan voyaga etgan, jinoyatchi jinni qotilning yonida turardi. Ta'sir Corso-ni shikastlantiradi. Corsoning o'gay onasi ham, otasining buvisi ham uning 50 dollarlik zayomini joylashtirmasdi. O'z onasi yo'qolgan va garov puli to'lay olmaganligi sababli, u qabrlarda qoldi.

Keyinchalik, 1944 yilda Nyu-Yorkdagi qor bo'roni paytida, 14 yoshli sovuqni muzlatib qo'ygan Korso iliqlik uchun o'qituvchining kabinetiga kirib, stol ustida uxlab qoldi. U bo'ronda uxlab qoldi va buzib kirgani uchun hibsga olindi va qabrlarga kattalar bilan ikkinchi marta bron qilindi. Boshqa mahbuslardan qo'rqib, uni ruhiy kasalliklar bo'limiga yuborishdi Bellevue kasalxonasi markazi va keyinchalik ozod qilindi.

18 yoshga to'lishi arafasida Corso tikuvchilik do'koniga kirib, uchrashuvga kiyinish uchun katta hajmdagi kostyumni o'g'irlab ketdi. Politsiya yozuvlarida uning do'kondan ikki blok narida hibsga olingani ko'rsatilgan. U tunni qabrlarda o'tkazdi va ertasi kuni ertalab 18 yoshli jinoyatchi sifatida sudga tortildi. Endi "yosh jinoyatchi" emas, u Nyu-Yorkning Dannemora shahridagi Klinton shtatidagi qamoqxonaga ikki yildan uch yilgacha ozodlikdan mahrum etildi. Bu shtatning elektr stul joylashgan Nyu-Yorkdagi eng qattiq qamoqxonasi edi. Corso har doim Klintonning uni shoir qilgani uchun qiziquvchan minnatdorchiligini bildirdi.

Benzin, uning ikkinchi she'rlar kitobi "mening o'n ettinchi yoshimda menga atrofimdagi barcha hujayralardan yorug'lik kitoblarini topshirgan Klinton qamoqxonasi farishtalariga" bag'ishlangan.[3]Keyinchalik Klinton "shoirlar qamoqxonasi" nomi bilan mashhur bo'ldi, chunki u erda rap shoirlari xizmat qilgan ("1991").

Klinton tuzatish muassasasida Corso

Klintonga olib borilayotganda Corso qamoqdan va zo'rlash ehtimolidan qo'rqib, nima uchun u erga yuborilganligi haqida hikoya qildi. U qattiqlashtirilgan Klinton mahbuslariga aytganidek, u va ikki do'sti Nyu-York shahrini rossiya orqali egallab olishning g'ayritabiiy rejasini ishlab chiqdilar va bir qator aqlga sig'maydigan va murakkab o'g'irliklarni ishlab chiqdilar. Walkie-talkie bilan aloqa qilib, uchta o'g'ilning har biri tayinlangan pozitsiyani egallab oldi - biri o'g'irlanishi kerak bo'lgan do'kon ichkarisida, biri ko'chada politsiyani tomosha qilish uchun tashqarida, uchinchisi kichkina kichkintoyda bosh planer Korso. buyurtmani belgilaydigan xona yaqinida. Korsoga ko'ra, u politsiya kelganida buyruq berayotgan kichkina xonada bo'lgan. Korsoning yoshligidan kelib chiqib, uning xayoliy iplari unga Klintonda katta qiziqish uyg'otdi. Richard Biello, a kapo, Korso kim bilan aloqasi borligini, Nyu-Yorkdagi jinoyatchilar oilasidan kelib chiqqanligini so'radi, u xuddi radio-talkie kabi katta jinoyatlar haqida gapirdi. "Men mustaqilman!" Korso olomon mahbuslardan uzoqlashishga umid qilib orqaga qaytdi. Bir hafta o'tgach, qamoqxona dushlarida Korso bir nechta mahbus tomonidan ushlangan va 18 yoshli yigit zo'rlanmoqchi edi. Biello sodir bo'ldi va "Korso! Hozir siz unchalik mustaqil ko'rinmaysiz" deb izoh berdi. Biello mafiya repressiyalaridan qo'rqqan bo'lajak zo'rlovchilarga qo'l siltadi.

Shunday qilib Corso qudratli Mafioso mahbuslari himoyasiga tushdi va u maskotdagi narsaga aylandi, chunki u qamoqdagi eng yosh mahbus edi va u ko'ngil ochar edi. Korso tashqi tomondan mafiya tagliklari tomonidan olib kelingan biftek va dana go'shtini "mahkamalarda", nufuzli mahbuslarga tayinlangan 55 litrlik barbekyu va piknik stollarida pishirardi. Shuningdek, Klinton "hovlilar" o'rtasida chang'i yugurish musobaqasini o'tkazgan, Korso esa tog 'chang'isidan o'tishni o'rgangan va mafioslarga dars bergan. U mambster oqsoqollarini saroy hazilkashlari sifatida tezkorlik bilan plyuslar va hazillar bilan mehmon qildi. Korso ko'pincha mafiya kapolari tomonidan berilgan uchta taklifni keltirar edi: "1) Vaqtni qo'ymang, vaqt sizga xizmat qilsin. 2) Oyoq kiyimingizni echmang, chunki ikkitadan uchtagacha siz to'g'ri chiqib ketasiz. 3) Hovlida uch yigit bilan gaplashayotganingizda, to'rttasini ko'ring. O'zingizni ko'ring. O'zingizni qazib oling. "Korso bo'shatilishidan bir necha oy oldin kamerada qamalgan. Charlz "Baxtli" Luciano. Qamoqda bo'lganida, Lusiano qamoqxonaga keng kutubxona sovg'a qilgan. (Shoir ijodi, shoir asari: Amaliyot va san'at haqida insholar. 2008).[iqtibos kerak ] Kamera, shuningdek, telefon va o'z-o'zini boshqarish yoritgichi bilan jihozlangan, chunki Lusiano qamoqdan chiqqanida, AQSh hukumatining urush davridagi harakatlari bilan hamkorlik qilgan, Nyu-York qirg'og'ini politsiya qilishda mafiya yordami ko'rsatgan va keyinchalik uning nazorati ostida Italiyaning Neapol shahrida yordam bergan. Kamorra. Ushbu maxsus kamerada Lorsianoning kech ishlashi uchun maxsus o'rnatilgan chiroq tufayli Corso chiroq o'chgandan keyin o'qidi. Korsoni o'qish va o'rganishga uning dahosini tan olgan "Cosa Nostra" ustozlari da'vat etgan.

U erda Korso she'rlar yozishni boshladi. U yunon va rim mumtoz asarlarini o'rgangan, ensiklopediya va lug'at yozuvlarini qattiq singdirgan. U kredit berdi Sivilizatsiya tarixi, Iroda va Ariel Dyurant uning umumiy ma'lumoti va falsafiy nafliligi uchun tarix va falsafaning eng yangi to'plamidir.

Chiqib oling va Nyu-York shahriga qaytib boring

1951 yilda 21 yoshli Gregori Korso kunduzi kiyim-kechak markazida ishlagan va tunda yana maskot bo'lgan, bu safar Grinvich Villagening birinchi lezbiyan barlaridan biri - Pony Stable Innda. Ayollar Korsoga she'r yozgan stol berdilar. Bir kuni tunda Kolumbiya kolleji talabasi Allen Ginsberg Pony Stillga kirdi va Korsoni ko'rdi ... "u yaxshi ko'rinishga ega edi va u geymi yoki yo'qmi deb o'ylardi." Gomoseksual bo'lmagan Korso qamoqxonada bo'lganidan keyin bir xil jinsiy aloqada bo'lganlar bilan bezovtalanmagan va Ginsbergdan pivo yutib olaman deb o'ylagan. U Ginsbergga yozayotgan ba'zi she'rlarini, ularning bir nechtasini qamoqxonadan ko'rsatdi va Ginsberg darhol Koroni "ma'naviy qobiliyatli" deb tan oldi. Bir she'rda 12-ko'chada joylashgan Korso xonasining qarshisidagi deraza panjarasida quyoshga botgan ayol tasvirlangan. Ayol Ginsbergning azaliy qiz do'sti bo'lib, u bilan heteroseksualizmga oid kamdan-kam hollarda yashagan. Ginsberg Corso-ni o'z xonadoniga taklif qildi va ayoldan Corso-ning jinsiy qiziqishini qondiradimi-yo'qligini so'radi. U rozi bo'ldi, lekin Corso hali ham bokira edi, u gapni rad etganda juda asabiylashdi va u kvartiradan ishtonini qiyshaytirib yugurdi. Ginsberg va Corso tezkor do'st bo'lishdi. Ginsberg butun hayoti davomida Korsoga jinsiy aloqada bo'lib, u javobsiz qoldi.

Corso Beat to'garagiga qo'shildi va uning hamraisi Jek Keruak va Allen Ginsberg tomonidan qabul qilindi, ular yosh ko'cha dono yozuvchisida o'zidan oldingi avlodlardan butunlay ajralib turadigan avlodning she'riy qarashlarini ifoda etish salohiyatini ko'rdilar. Bu vaqtda u Shelli, Marlou va Chattertonni qo'pol va bo'lakcha o'zlashtirdi. Shellining "She'riyatni himoya qilish" (1840) asari, "insonning axloqiy takomillashishiga" olib kelgan "tutilmagan fikrlar kombinatsiyasini" rag'batlantirish uchun chinakam she'riy impuls qobiliyatiga urg'u berib, Korsoga she'riyat nazariyasini ishlab chiqishga undadi. Beat shoirlarining rivojlanayotgan tamoyillari bilan. Korso uchun she'riyat o'zgarishning vositasi, individual irodani rag'batlantirish orqali jamiyat yo'nalishini yo'naltirish usuli bo'ldi.[4] U Shellini tez-tez Ginsberg va o'zini o'zi deb hisoblagan "Ruhning inqilobi" deb atagan.

Kembrij, Massachusets

1954 yilda Corso Massachusets shtatidagi Kembrijga ko'chib o'tdi, u erda Edvard Marshal va Jon Vayners kabi bir qancha muhim shoirlar ovozli she'riyati bilan tajriba o'tkazmoqdalar. Korso hayoti uchun markaz bu shoirlar chaqirganidek "Boston maktabi" emas, balki Garvard Universitetining Videner kutubxonasi edi. U kunlarini u erda buyuk she'riyat asarlarini o'qish, shuningdek, yunon va Rim klassikalarida o'tkazilgan darslarni o'tkazgan. Korsoning klassikalarni qadrlashi qamoqxonada o'qigan Dyurantsning kitoblaridan kelib chiqqan. Garvardda u klassik olim bo'lishni o'ylardi. Pulsiz Corso Elliott uyidagi yotoqxona qavatida yashagan, uni talabalar Piter Sourian, Bobbi Sedvik (akasining ukasi) kutib olishgan. Edi ) va Pol Grand. U kechki ovqatga kiyinib, e'tiborga olinmasdi. Porcellian elita klubi a'zolari Corso haqida Garvard ma'muriyatiga interloper sifatida xabar berishdi. Dekan Archibald MacLeish uni haydab yubormoqchi bo'lgan Corso bilan uchrashdi, lekin Corso unga she'rlarini ko'rsatdi va MacLeish tavakkal qildi va Corso-ga ruxsat berdi o'qimaydigan talaba - qarorgohdagi shoir. Korsoning birinchi nashr etilgan she'rlari 1954 yilda Garvard advokatida paydo bo'lgan va uning pyesasi Ushbu ochlik davrida- avtobuslari qit'aning o'rtalarida yiqilgandan so'ng, bufalo tomonidan oyoq osti qilinayotgan amerikaliklar guruhi haqida - kelasi yili hurmatli Shoirlar teatri tomonidan T.S. Eliotning "Sobordagi qotillik".

Garvard va Radkliff talabalari, xususan Grand, Sourian va Sedgvik, Corso-ning birinchi kitobini bosib chiqarish xarajatlarini o'z zimmalariga olishgan, Brattlda Vestal xonim va boshqa she'rlar. Jildda keltirilgan she'rlar, odatda, Korso o'qishi uchun juda katta qarzdor bo'lgan shogirdlik ishi deb hisoblanadi. Biroq, ular jazz ritmlarini innovatsion ishlatishda noyobdir, xususan, ko'pchilik bu kitobning eng kuchli she'ri deb nomlangan "Qushlar" Parkeriga oid rekviyem, musiqachi "da - ingliz tilidagi nutq so'zlashuvlari va hipster jargonlari. Bir vaqtlar Corso ritm va metrdan foydalanganligini Riverside Intervyu uchun Gavin Seleriga bergan intervyusida quyidagicha izohlagan edi: "Mening musiqam qurilgan - bu allaqachon tabiiy, men hisoblagich bilan o'ynamayman". Boshqacha qilib aytganda, Korso hisoblagich tabiiy ravishda shoirning ovozidan kelib chiqishi kerak deb hisoblagan; u hech qachon ongli ravishda tanlanmaydi.

Sharhida Jangdagi Vestal xonim uchun She'riyat, Reuel Denni bop tili kabi "kichik bir guruh jargoni" ushbu madaniyatga kirmaganlar uchun "qiziq tuyuladimi" deb so'radi. Corso, "u bebop guruhi jargonining boyligini muvozanatlashtira olmaydi ... u o'z ishini klikdan ko'ra kengroq auditoriya uchun mazmunli qilishi uchun zarur bo'lgan aniqlik bilan". Ajablanarlisi shundaki, bir necha yil ichida o'sha "kichik guruh jargoni", "Beat lingo", "odam", "salqin", "qazish", "jo'ja", "osilgan" va hokazo kabi so'zlarni o'z ichiga olgan milliy iboraga aylandi.

Korso an'anaviy shakllarga va arxaik diksiyaga tayanganiga qaramay, u Bryus Kuk tomonidan tasvirlangan ko'cha-ko'yda shoir bo'lib qoldi. Beat Generation sifatida "shinam shelli". Biograf Kerolin Gayzer Korsoga "aqldan ozgan spontanlik va g'alati idrokning har bir namoyishi ongli ravishda va samarali tarzda ishlab chiqilgan murakkab bolaning niqobini" qabul qilishni taklif qildi - go'yo u qandaydir tarzda tinglovchilarini aldayotgan bo'lsa. Ammo she'rlar eng yaxshi darajadagi chinakam, o'ziga xos va juda ta'sirchan ovoz bilan boshqariladi, bu sentimental mehr va pafosdan tortib to she'riyatdan boshqa deyarli hamma narsaga nisbatan jo'shqinlik va dadaist beparvolikgacha.[5] Marian Janssen, Isabella Gardnerning tarjimai holida, Korso karerasining boshida an'anaviy adabiy jamiyat bilan o'rnatgan aloqalarini batafsil bayon qildi. Kembrijdagi faoliyati davomida Corso "Boston Braxmanlar" elita yuqori sinfining vakili Robert Gardner bilan uchrashdi. Gardner Corso-ga har xil homiy bo'lib, qisqa vaqt ichida unga moliyaviy yordam ko'rsatdi. Aynan Robert Gardner Korsoga o'zining she'rlaridan birini taniqli shoir va "Poeziya" jurnali muharriri yordamchisi bo'lgan singlisi Izabellaga yuborishni taklif qilgan. Izabella she'rni yoqdi va she'rlarni muharrir Karl Shapiroga olib borishdan oldin Corso-dan yana uch-to'rttasini yuborishini so'radi. Shapiro Korsoning she'riyatini rad etgan va u Shapiro muharriri bo'lganida hech qachon "Poeziya" jurnalida chiqmagan. Bog'bon Korsoga "she'riy g'ururidan qutulishga" muvaffaq bo'lgan va ikki shoir o'rtasida uzoq, ammo qiyin yozishmalarni boshlagan xatni qaytarib yuborgan.[6]

San-Frantsisko, "Uvillash" va Beat Fenomeni

Corso va Ginsberg alohida-alohida San-Frantsiskoga borishga qaror qilishdi. Corso Los-Anjelesda vaqtincha jarohat oldi va u erda ishladi L.A.ni tekshiruvchi yangiliklar morg. Ginsberg Denverda kechiktirildi. Ular shoirlarning ikonoklast doirasi, shu jumladan hisobotlari bilan chizilgan Gari Snayder, Lourens Ferlinghetti, Maykl Makklur, Filipp Uolen va Lyov Uelch. Keksa adabiy ustoz, sotsialistik yozuvchi Kennet Reksrot, o'z kvartirasini juma kuni kechqurun adabiy salon (Ginsbergning ustozi) sifatida qarzga berdi Uilyam Karlos Uilyams, Reksrotning eski do'sti, unga kirish xati bergan).

Uolli Xedrik [13] mashhurni tashkil qilmoqchi edi Olti galereyani o'qish, va Ginsberg, Reksrotning marosim ustasi bo'lib xizmat qilishini, ma'lum ma'noda, avlodlarni ko'paytirishni xohlagan. Filipp Lamantiya, Maykl Makklur, Filipp Uolen, Allen Ginsberg va Gari Snayderlar 1955 yil 7 oktyabrda 100 kishidan oldin o'qishgan (Keruak ham, Mexiko shahridan). Lamantiya marhum do'sti Jon Xofmanning she'rlarini o'qidi. Ginsberg o'zining birinchi jamoat o'qishida yangi tugagan birinchi qismini ijro etdi "Uvillash. "Gregori Korso ertasi kuni kechga kelib o'qishi kerak bo'lgan tarixiy o'qishni sog'inib qoldi.

Olti galereya muvaffaqiyatli o'tdi va kechqurun hozirgi kunda mahalliy mashhur "Olti galereya" shoirlari tomonidan yana ko'plab o'qishlar bo'ldi. Bundan tashqari, 1956 yilda nashr etilganidan beri West Coast Beat harakati boshlanishining belgisi edi Uvillash (City Lights Pocket Poets, № 4) va 1957 yilda uyushtirilgan odobsiz sud jarayoni uni butun mamlakat e'tiboriga havola etdi.

Ginsberg va Korso avtostop bilan San-Frantsiskoga tashrif buyurishdi Genri Miller yilda Katta sur va Los-Anjelesda to'xtadi. Mehmon sifatida Anais Nin va yozuvchi Lourens Lipton, Corso va Ginsberg L.A literatura yig'ilishida o'qishdi. Ginsberg o'zini va Korsoni mutlaqo halol shoirlar deb e'lon qilib, tomoshabinlarni qo'riqchiga aylantirdi va ikkalasi ham yalang'och kiyimlarini echib, tomoshabinlarning eng avangardlarini ham hayratda qoldirdilar.

Keyin Corso va Ginsberg Mexiko shahriga avtostop bilan chiqib, fohishaxona ustidagi xonada roman yozgan Kerouakni ziyorat qilishdi. "Tristessa. "Mexiko shahrida uch hafta turgandan so'ng Ginsberg jo'nab ketdi va Korso samolyot chiptasini kutib turdi. Uning sevgilisi Hope Savage otasi Genri Savage kichik, Kamden meri S.C.[7] Vashingtonga Corsoga samolyot chiptasini yuborish uchun D.Corso tomonidan taklif qilingan Kongress kutubxonasi shoir (AQSh shoiri laureati kashfiyotchisi) Rendall Jarrell va uning rafiqasi Meri ular bilan birga yashab, Jarrellning she'riy himoyachisi bo'lishdi. Jarrell boshqa Beats-dan hayratlanmagan holda, Corso-ning asarini asl deb topdi va u katta va'da berganiga ishondi. Corso ikki oy davomida Jarrelllar bilan birga bo'lib, oilaviy hayotning birinchi ta'midan bahramand bo'ldi. Biroq, Kerouak paydo bo'ldi va Jarrellning yoniga tushib ketdi, ko'pincha mast va baland ovozda gapirdi va Korso bilan birga o'tirishga majbur bo'ldi. Corso Jarrelllardan nafratlanib, Nyu-Yorkka qaytib keldi.

Parijga va "Beat Hotel" ga

1957 yilda Allen Ginsberg sayohat qilgan Piter Orlovskiy Uilyam S. Burrouzga tashrif buyurish Marokash. Ularga Keruak ham qo'shildi, u o'z oilasining frantsuzcha kelib chiqishini o'rgangan. Evropada bo'lgan Corso ularga Tangierda qo'shildi va ular bir guruh bo'lib, Burrouzning bo'lak-bo'lak yozuvlarini olib, ularni matnga to'plashga urinishdi (keyinchalik bu narsa bo'ladi) Yalang'och tushlik). Burrouz geroin bilan shug'ullangan va Ginsbergning Tanserdan Parijga jo'nab ketgan Corsoga bo'lgan qiziqishini rashk qilgan. Parijda Corso Ginsberg va Orlovskiyni a Chap sohil Git-le-Coeur 9-da joylashgan barning ustidagi uy, u o'zi nomini bergan Beat Hotel. Tez orada ularga Uilyam Burrouz va boshqalar qo'shilishdi. Bu chet ellik yosh rassomlar, yozuvchilar va musiqachilar uchun boshpana edi. U erda Ginsberg o'zining epik she'rini boshladi Qaddish, Corso she'rlarini bastalagan Bomba va Nikohva Burrouz (bilan Brion Gysin yordam) birlashtirdi Yalang'och tushlik oldingi yozuvlardan. Ushbu davr fotosuratchi tomonidan hujjatlashtirilgan Garold Chapman, taxminan bir vaqtning o'zida ko'chib o'tdi va mehmonxona 1963 yilda yopilgunga qadar uning aholisini suratga oldi.[8]

Korsoning Parijda istiqomat qilishi natijasida uning uchinchi she'ri, O'lim tug'ilgan kuningiz bilan (1960), Borish uchun daqiqalar (1960, vizual she'riyat "kesilgan" deb hisoblangan) Uilyam S. Burrouz, Sinkler Beyls va Brion Gysin bilan, American Express (1961, an Olympia Press roman), va Yashasin inson (1962, she'riyat). Corso o'zining noshiri bilan tushib qoldi Benzin, "Bomba" ga e'tiroz bildirgan "City Lights" kitob do'konining xodimi Lourens Ferlinghetti, keyinchalik bu lavozimni egallab oldi va buning uchun u kechirim so'radi. Corso ishi kuchli qabul qildi Yangi yo'nalishlarni nashr etish tomonidan tashkil etilgan Jeyms Laughlin, Garvard aloqalari orqali Corso haqida eshitgan. Yangi yo'nalishlar she'riyatning bosh nashriyoti hisoblangan Ezra funt, Dilan Tomas, Marianne Mur, Uolles Stivens, Tomas Merton, Denis Levertov, Jeyms Eji va istehzo bilan, Lourens Ferlinghetti. Corso, shuningdek, Isabella Gardnerga she'rlar kitobini o'qib bo'lgach, Parijda bo'lganida yana yozdi, Okeandan tug'ilgan kunlar. Korsoning o'z ishiga bo'lgan haddan tashqari ishtiyoqi beparvolik bilan qaytarildi. Gardner Yangi tsitsitsizmning etakchi a'zolaridan biri Alan Teyt bilan ishqiy munosabatda bo'lgan va uning Beat shoirlari haqidagi salbiy fikri Gardnerning Korsoga bo'lgan munosabatiga ta'sir qilgan. Evropada bo'lgan Corso sevgilisi, Nyu-Yorkdan g'oyib bo'lgan Hope Savage-ni Parijga yo'l olganini qidirib topdi. U Rimga va Yunonistonga tashrif buyurgan, Germaniyada ensiklopediyalar sotgan, jaz truba bilan osilgan Chet Beyker Amsterdamda va Ginsberg bilan "Oksford" talabalari yadro urushi tarafdori (Ferlinghetti kabi) deb noto'g'ri o'ylagan "Bomba" ni o'qib, tinch turgan Oksford Ittifoqini bezovta qildi, ular va boshqa kampuslar "bomba taqiqlashdi". "namoyishlar. Bir talaba Korsoga tufli uloqtirdi va u ham, Ginsberg ham Ginsberg "Uvillash" ni o'qiguncha ketib qolishdi.

1958 yilda Corso Nyu-Yorkka qaytib keldi, u va uning vatandoshlari taniqli yoki taniqli, yangi paydo bo'layotgan adabiyot arboblari bo'lishganidan hayratda qoldilar.

Nyu-Yorkka qaytish - "Beatniklar"

1958 yil oxirida Korso Ginsberg va Orlovskiy bilan birlashdi. Ular Evropaga jo'nab ketishdan oldin San-Frantsisko sharhlovchisi bo'lgan ijtimoiy harakatni qo'zg'atganlaridan hayratda edilar Herb Caen "Beat-nik" deb nomlangan, "beat" ni ruscha "Sputnik" bilan birlashtirgan, go'yo Beat yozuvchilari ham "u erda" va ham noaniq kommunistlar.

San-Frantsiskoda Ginsbergning "Uvillash" asarini nashr etgani uchun Lourens Ferlinghetti ustidan qilingan odobsiz sud jarayoni oqlandi va milliy taniqli "Beats" ni mashhur qildi, unga sig'indi va masxara qildi.

Qaytib kelgandan so'ng, Ginsberg, Corso, Kerouac va Burroughs muhtaram nashr etilgan Chikago sharhi, ammo jild sotilishidan oldin Chikago universiteti prezidenti Robert Xattins uni pornografik deb topdi va barcha nusxalari musodara qilindi. Chikago muharrirlari zudlik bilan iste'foga chiqdilar va muqobil adabiy jurnalni boshladilar, Katta stol. Ginsberg va Corso Nyu-Yorkdan "Katta stol" ni ishga tushirish uchun avtobusga chiqishdi, bu ularni yana milliy diqqat markaziga olib chiqdi. Studs Terkelning ikkalasi bilan bo'lgan intervyusi taniqli to'lqinni keltirib chiqargan aqldan ozgan. Qarama-qarshiliklar ularni ta'qib qildi va ular o'zlarining g'ayritabiiy va pariya obrazlaridan maksimal darajada foydalanishni xohladilar. Vaqt va Hayot jurnallar ikkalasini ayniqsa yoqtirmas edilar, ular Corso va Ginsbergning yana ham oshkoralikni boshlay olishlariga umid qilib haqoratli va haqoratli so'zlarni aytdilar. Beat Generation (Kerouac shunday nomlagan) galvanizlangan va yoshlar beret, toreador shim va soqol bilan kiyinishni va bongo ko'tarishni boshladilar. Corso hech qachon soqol qo'ymaganligi, beret egasi bo'lmaganligi va bongolarni anglay olmasligini aytadi.

Corso va Ginsberg birgalikda o'qish bilan kollej shaharchalariga keng sayohat qildilar. Ginsbergning "Uvillashi" jiddiy narxni, Korso "Bomba" va "Nikoh" esa hazil va xushchaqchaqlikni ta'minladi. Nyu-Yorkdagi Beat sahnasi avjga chiqdi va Corso va Ginsbergning uyi bo'lgan Qishloqda tez-tez rivojlanib kelayotgan folklor musiqasi sahnasiga tarqaldi. Dastlabki ishtirokchi yangi kelgan Bob Dilan edi: "Men cho'ldan chiqib kelib, Beat sahnasi, Bohemiya, Be Bop olomoniga tushib qoldim. Hammasi juda bog'liq edi." "Bu Jek Keruak, Ginsberg, Korso, Ferlinghetti edi ... Men uning oxiriga kirdim va bu sehr edi". -Bob Dilan Amerikada.

Corso-da nashr etilgan avangard kichik jurnal Nomad 1960-yillarning boshlarida.

1960-yillarning boshlarida Korso Ogayo shtati Klivlendda o'sgan va Shaker o'rta maktabida o'qigan ingliz tili o'qituvchisi Sally Noyabrga uylandi va Michigan universitetini tugatdi. Dastlab, Corso "Nikoh" ni taqlid qilib, Klivlendga ko'chib, Sallining otasining gullar do'konida ishlaydi. Keyin er-xotin Manxettenda yashagan va Sally Allen Ginsberg, Piter Orlovskiy, Larri Rivers va boshqalarni o'sha paytda urish davralarida tanigan. Nikoh muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchragan bo'lsa-da, Miranda Corso ismli farzand tug'di. Korso hayoti davomida Salli va uning qizi bilan vaqti-vaqti bilan aloqada bo'lib turdi. Keyinchalik qayta turmushga chiqqan Sally Manxettenning Yuqori Sharqiy qismida istiqomat qiladi va Beat harakati bilan bog'liq taniqli ayollardan biri bilan aloqani davom ettiradi, Xeti Jons.

Korso yana ikki marta turmush qurgan va o'g'illari va qizi bo'lgan.

Beats 1960-yillarda Hippilar va boshqa yoshlar harakati tomonidan siqib chiqarilganligi sababli, Corso o'zining cho'l yillarini boshdan kechirdi. U alkogol va giyohvand moddalar bilan kurashgan. Keyinchalik u o'zining qaramligi tashlandiq va hissiy jihatdan mahrum bo'lgan va suiiste'mol qilingan azoblarni yashirgan deb izohlaydi. She'riyat uning jarohatlaridan o'tishning eng toza vositasi bo'lgan, ammo giyohvandlik uning she'riy chiqishiga tahdid solgan. U ko'p yillar davomida Rimda yashagan, keyinchalik Parijda turmushga chiqqan va Yunonistonda dars bergan. U g'alati tarzda tanqidchi sifatida katolik cherkovi bilan yaqin bo'lib qoldi va kataloglik deb tanilgan edi. Uning to'plami Aziz otalar Vatikandagi zarur islohotlarni sharhlovchi bir nechta xat edi.

1969 yilda Corso bir jildni nashr etdi, Elegiac Feelings American, yaqinda vafot etgan Jek Keruakka bag'ishlangan etakchi she'ri, ba'zi tanqidchilar tomonidan Korsoning eng yaxshi she'ri sifatida baholanmoqda. 1981 yilda u asosan Evropada yashagan paytida yozgan she'rlarini nashr etdi Avtoxtonik ruh xabarchisi.72 yilda Rouz Xolton va uning singlisi Korso bilan yashash joyining ikkinchi kunida uchrashishdi "Chelsi" mehmonxonasi Nyu-York shahrida:

U bizni "Chelsi" da sotib yubordi va bizni o'ziga sotib yubordi. Hayot sizga tashlay oladigan hamma narsa uning borligida aks etgan. Uning zerikarli bo'lishi imkonsiz edi. U g'azablangan, har doim provokatsion, navbat bilan g'azab yoki hazilga to'la edi, hech qachon uning so'zlari yoki xatti-harakatlarini tsenzuradan o'tkazmadi. Ammo asosiy narsa shundaki, Gregori haqiqiy edi. U tomoshabinlar oldida o'ynashi mumkin edi, lekin u hech qachon fokuschi bo'lmagan. U haqiqiy shartnoma edi. U bir vaqtlar ijodiy yutuq traektoriyasini quyidagicha izohlagan: 'Iste'dod bor, daho bor, keyin ilohiy mavjud'. Gregori yashagan ilohiy.[9]

"Chelsi" da yashab yurganida, Corso yana Isabella Gardner bilan uchrashdi. U Teyt bilan munosabatlari tugaganidan keyin u erga ko'chib ketgan. Hayotidagi eng qiziq voqealardan birida, Corso uni karerasi o'sib borishi bilan uni yozuvchilikda aybladi. U Gardner ikkalasi "Chelsi" da bo'lganida, undan ikkita chamadonni o'g'irlagan deb da'vo qildi. Korsoning ta'kidlashicha, chamadonlar ikkita yangi she'riy kitobni va o'zi va boshqa Beat shoirlari o'rtasidagi barcha yozishmalarini o'z ichiga olgan. Garchi uning da'volari aniq yolg'on bo'lsa-da, u chamadonlarni ikki ming dollarga baholadi va bu pulni Gardnerdan tortib oldi.

She'riyat

Korsoning birinchi she'riy jildi Jangdagi Vestal xonim 1955 yilda nashr etilgan (talabalar ko'magi bilan Garvard, u erda auditorlik darslari o'tkazilgan). Korso, guruhning eng yosh a'zosi bo'lishiga qaramay, nashr etilgan "Beats" ning ikkinchi a'zosi edi. (Jek Keruakniki) Shahar va shahar 1950 yil fevral oyida nashr etilgan.) Uning she'rlari birinchi marta Garvard advokati. 1958 yilda Corso-ning kengaytirilgan she'rlar to'plami 8-sonda nashr etilgan Shahar chiroqlari cho'ntak shoirlari seriyasi: Benzin va Battle-da Vestal xonim. Korsoning diqqatga sazovor she'rlariga quyidagilar kiradi: "Bomba", "Elegiac Feelings American", "Nikoh" va "Butun tartibsizlik ... Deyarli".

Nikoh

"Nikoh" (1960), ehtimol Korsoning imzo she'ri. Bu izchil rivoyat mavzusiga ega bo'lmagan 111 qatorli asar. Buning o'rniga, u nikohning afzalliklari va kamchiliklari haqida shov-shuvli munozarani taklif qiladi. Unda bejirim uslub, metraj o'rnatilmagan, qofiya sxemasi o'rnatilmagan va chiziq uzunliklari o'zgarib turadi. Corso ba'zi satrlarning uzunligini tan oladi, ammo "ular shunchaki mening ichimdagi musiqiy narsalar singari oqadi" deb ta'kidlaydi. [10] "Nikoh" uning "titul she'rlari" orasida, "Kuch", "Armiya" va boshqa kontseptsiyani o'rganadi. "Uylanishim kerakmi?" (1), ma'ruzachi boshlanadi. Nikoh ma'ruzachi qidirayotgan natijalarni keltira oladimi? "Uyga unga" (54) kelib, kamin yonida o'tirganida va u oshxonada / kichkina va go'dakni yaxshi ko'rmoqchi bo'lgan fartukli / va men uchun juda xursand bo'lib, u qovurilgan mol go'shtini yoqib yuboradi "(55-57). Dastlab nikoh va otalikni idealizatsiya qiladigan Corso ma'ruzachisi she'rning ikkinchi yarmida haqiqatni qabul qiladi: "Yo'q, men bunday ota bo'lishimga shubha qilaman" (84). Nikoh harakati o'z-o'zidan qamoqning bir turi ekanligini anglagan holda, "Yo'q, men o'zimni o'sha yoqimli qamoq orzusi bilan turmush qurganimni tasavvur qila olmayman" (103), Corso ma'ruzachisi oxir-oqibat u uchun nikoh ehtimoli umidvor emasligini tan oladi. Bryus Kuk kitobdan Beat Generation[11] Korso hazilni va jiddiy tanqidiy fikrlarni yonma-yon yozish mahoratini yoritib beradi, "Ammo bularning barchasi qanchalik kulgili va qiziqarli bo'lsa ham, shunchaki bu emas, chunki" Nikoh "o'zining muqaddas amerikalik muassasasi haqidagi fenomenni jiddiy tanqid qiladi. "

"Nikoh" parchasi:

Uylanishim kerakmi? Yaxshi bo'lishim kerakmi?
Mening baxmal kostyumim va faustus kapotim bilan qo'shni qizni hayratda qoldirdingizmi?
Uni kinoga emas, balki qabristonlarga olib boring
bo'ri vannalari va vilkalar klarnetlar haqida hamma narsani aytib bering
keyin uni xohlab, uni va barcha dastlabki tanlovlarni o'p
va u hozirgacha ketmoqda va men nima uchun buni tushunaman
G'azablanmang, siz his qilishingiz kerak! Hiss qilish juda yoqimli!
Buning o'rniga uni quchog'imga olib, eski qiyshiq qabr toshiga suyan
va uni butun tun osmondagi burjlar bilan tortib turing -
U meni ota-onasi bilan tanishtirganda
orqaga tikilgan, sochlari nihoyat taralgan, galstuk bilan bo'g'ilgan,
ularning 3-darajali divaniga tizza o'tirishim kerakmi
va hammom qayerda?
O'zimni mendan boshqa qanday his qilishim mumkin,
tez-tez Flash Gordon sovuni haqida o'ylayman -
Ey yigit uchun bu naqadar dahshatli bo'lishi kerak
oila va oila fikri oldida o'tirgan
Biz uni hech qachon ko'rmaganmiz! U bizning Meri Louimizni xohlaydi!
Choy va uy qurilishi pishiriqlaridan so'ng ular nima uchun pul topasiz?
Men ularga aytaymi? U holda ular meni xohlaydilarmi?
Yaxshi ayt, uylan, biz qizimizni yo'qotmayapmiz
ammo biz o'g'il ko'rmoqdamiz ...
Va keyin hammom qayerda deb so'rasam bo'ladimi?
Ey Xudo va to'y! Uning barcha oilasi va uning do'stlari
Mening bir nechtagina mensimagan va soqol qo'yganlar bor
faqat ichimliklar va ovqatga borishni kuting -[12]

Korsoning she'rdagi ba'zan syurreal so'zlar - "vilkalar klarnetlar", "flesh Gordon sovuni", "bo'ri-vannalar" ko'pchilikning e'tiborini tortdi. Ethan Hawke she'rni 1994 yil filmida o'qidi Realite Bites, va keyinchalik Corso Hawkega olingan royalti tekshiruvi uchun minnatdorchilik bildirdi.[13]

Bomba

Karsoning 1958 yildagi "Bomba" (1958 yilda nashr etilgan) she'ri, Katarin Seigelning so'zlariga ko'ra, yadro bombasi mavjudligiga qarshi chiqqan dastlabki she'rlardan biri bo'lgan.[14] She'r matni qo'ziqorin buluti shaklida shakllangan, ko'p sahifali keng maydon sifatida nashr etilgan. Dastlabki 30 qator dumaloq qo'ziqorinning tepasini, 30-190 chiziqlar esa yerdan ko'tarilgan chiqindilar va qirg'in ustunini hosil qiladi. Corso naqshli yoki shaklli she'riyat an'analarini esga oldi, ammo yadro bombasining portlashi natijasida hosil bo'lgan bulut shaklini yaratish uchun beparvo tanlov qildi. Shakl she'riyatining avvalgi qo'llanishlarida farishta qanotlari va qurbongohlar bor edi, Siegelning ta'kidlashicha, Corso tanlovi "kinoya bilan o'rinli". She'r "O'limning muborak tug'ilgan kuni" jildida paydo bo'ldi, unda Yaponiyaning Xirosima shahri ustidan qo'ziqorin bulutining oq-qora fotosurati namoyish etildi.[15]

Corso she'rning oxiriga kelib onomatopeyadan keng foydalanadi va shrift bilan "BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM BOOM" deb yozilgan (166). Siegel ushbu uzilishlarni "yadroviy, apokaliptik betartiblik hukmronligini eshitishga urinish" deb ta'riflaydi. Korsoning o'zi aytganidek: «O'qilganda, u yaxshi she'rdir.[16]"Bomba" munozarali edi, chunki u hazil va siyosatni aralashtirdi. Ushbu she'r dastlab ko'pchilik tomonidan yadro urushini qo'llab-quvvatlovchi sifatida noto'g'ri talqin qilingan.[14] She'rning boshlang'ich satrlari o'quvchini Corso bomba qo'llab-quvvatlaganiga ishonishga undaydi. U shunday yozadi: "Siz olamning bombasi / o'yinchog'i Barcha tortib olingan osmonning buyuksi, men sizni [Corso's qo'shimcha joylarini] yomon ko'rolmayman" (2-3 qatorlar). Ma'ruzachi, boshqa zo'ravonlik vositalaridan, masalan, klublardan, xanjarlardan va Avliyo Mayklning yonib turgan qilichidan nafratlanolmagani kabi, u ham bombadan nafratlana olmasligini ta'kidlaydi. U ta'kidlashda davom etadiki, odamlar boshqa yo'l bilan, shu jumladan elektr stul bilan o'lishni afzal ko'rishadi, ammo o'lim qanday bo'lishidan qat'iy nazar o'limdir. She'r boshqa o'lim tasvirlariga o'tadi va vaqt o'tishi bilan bomba uchun ibodat qiladi. The speaker offers to bring mythological roses, a gesture that evokes an image of a suitor at the door. The other suitors courting the bomb include Oppenheimer and Einstein, scientists who are responsible for the creation of the bomb. He concludes the poem with the idea that more bombs will be made "and they'll sit plunk on earth's grumpy empires/ fierce with moustaches of gold" (lines 87–8).[17]

Christine Hoff Kraemer states the idea succinctly, "The bomb is a reality; death is a reality, and for Corso, the only reasonable reaction is to embrace, celebrate, and laugh with the resulting chaos" ("The Brake of Time: Corso's Bomb as Postmodern God(dess)"). Kraemer also asserts, "Corso gives the reader only one clue to interpreting this mishmash of images: the association of disparate objects is always presented in conjunction with the exploding bomb" ("The Brake of Time: Corso's Bomb as Postmodern God(dess)"). In addition she points to Corso's denial that the poem contained political significance.[18] Instead, he describes the poem as a "death shot" that pokes fun at the preoccupation with death by bomb in the 1950s when death by other causes is much more likely. This irreverent, humorous approach is characteristic of the Beat movement.

"Bomb" and "Marriage" caught the eye of a young Bob Dilan, hali ham Minnesota. Dylan said, "The Gregory Corso poem 'Bomb' was more to the point and touched the spirit of the times better—a wasted world and totally mechanized—a lot of hustle and bustle—a lot of shelves to clean, boxes to stack. I wasn't going to pin my hopes on that."[19]

Corso in other poetry

In contrast to Corso's use of marriage as a sinekdoxa for a Beat view of women, postmodern feminist poet Xedvig Gorski chronicles a night with Corso in her poem "Could not get Gregory Corso out of my Car" (1985, Austin, Texas) showing the ayollashtirish typical for heterosexual Beat behavior.[20] Gorski criticizes the Beat movement for tokenism towards women writers and their work, with very few exceptions, including Anne Waldman, and post-beats like Diane DiPrima va o'zi. Male domination and womanizing by its heterosexual members, along with tokenism by its major homosexual members characterize the Beat Literary Movement. Beats scoffed at the Feministik harakat which offered liberalizing social and professional views of women and their works as did the Beat Movement for men, especially homosexuals.[21] Corso however always defended women's role in the Beat Generation, often citing his lover, Hope Savage, as a primary influence on him and Allen Ginsberg.

Relationship with the Beat Movement

The battle against social conformity and literary tradition was central to the work of the Beats. This group of poets questioned mainstream politics and culture, and they were concerned with changing consciousness and defying conventional writing. Corso's poems "Marriage" and "Bomb" demonstrate his willingness to provide an unconventional, humorous, and irreverent perspective on serious or controversial topics.

Ted Morgan described Corso's place in the Beat literary world: "If Ginsberg, Kerouac and Burroughs were the Uch mushketyor of the movement, Corso was their D'Artagnan, a sort of junior partner, accepted and appreciated, but with less than complete parity. He had not been in at the start, which was the alliance of the Columbia intellectuals with the Times Square hipsters. He was a recent adherent, although his credentials were impressive enough to gain him unrestricted admittance ..."[22] It has taken 50 years and the death of the other Beats, for Corso to be fully appreciated as a poet of equal stature and significance.

Keyingi yillar

In later years, Corso disliked public appearances and became irritated with his own "Beat" celebrity. He never allowed a biographer to work in any "authorized" fashion, and only posthumously was a volume of letters published under the specious artifice of Tasodifiy tarjimai hol. He did, however, agree to allow filmmaker Gustave Reininger qilish kino vérité hujjatli, Corso: Oxirgi urish, u haqida.

Corso had a cameo appearance in Cho'qintirgan ota III where he plays an outraged stockholder trying to speak at a meeting.

After Allen Ginsberg's death, Corso was depressed and despondent. Gustave Reininger convinced him to go "on the road" to Europe and retrace the early days of "the Beats" in Paris, Italy and Greece. While in Venice, Corso expressed on film his lifelong concerns about not having a mother and living such an uprooted childhood. Corso became curious about where in Italy his mother, Michelina Colonna, might be buried. His father's family had always told him that his mother had returned to Italy a disgraced woman, a whore. Kinorejissyor Gustave Reininger quietly launched a search for Corso's mother's Italian burial place. In an astonishing turn of events, Reininger found Corso's mother Michelina not dead, but alive; and not in Italy, but in Trenton, Nyu-Jersi. Corso was reunited with his mother on film. He discovered that she at the age of 17 had been almost fatally brutalized (all her front teeth punched out) and was sexually abused by her teenage husband, his father. On film, Michelina explained that, at the height of the Depression, with no trade or job, she had no choice but to give her son into the care of Catholic Charities. After she had established a new life working in a restaurant in New Jersey, she had attempted to find him, to no avail. The father, Sam Corso, had blocked even Catholic Charities from disclosing the boy's whereabouts. Living modestly, she lacked the means to hire a lawyer to find her son. She worked as a waitress in a sandwich shop in the New Jersey State Office Building in Trenton. She eventually married the cook, Paul Davita, and started a new family. Her child Gregory remained a secret between Michelina and her mother and sisters, until Reininger found them.

Corso and his mother quickly developed a relationship which lasted until his death, which preceded hers. They both spent hours on the phone, and the initial forgiveness displayed in the film became a living reality. Corso and Michelina loved to gamble and on several occasions took vacations to Atlantic City for blackjack at the casinos. Corso always lost, while Michelina fared better and would stake him with her winnings.

Corso's grave, in Rome (Italy)

Corso claimed that he was healed in many ways by meeting his mother and saw his life coming full circle. He began to work productively on a new, long-delayed volume of poetry, Oltin tuxum. Shortly thereafter, Corso discovered he had irreversible prostata saratoni. He died of the disease in Minnesota on January 17, 2001. Around two hundred people were present in the "Non-Catholic Cemetery" in Rome, Italy, on Saturday morning, May 5, to pay their last respects to Gregory Corso. The poet's ashes were buried in a tomb precisely in front of the grave of his great colleague Shelley, and not far from the one of John Keats. In the tranquillity of this small and lovely cemetery, full of trees, flowers and well-fed cats, with the sun's complicity, more than a funeral, it seemed to be a reunion of long-lost friends, with tales, anecdotes, laughter and poetry readings. The urn bearing Corso's ashes arrived with his daughter Sheri Langerman who had assisted him during the last seven months of his life. Twelve other Americans came with her, among them Corso's old friends Roger Richards and the lawyer Robert Yarra. The cemetery had been closed to newcomers since the mid-century and Robert Yarra and Hannelore deLellis made it possible for Corso to be buried there. His ashes were deposited at the foot of the grave of poet Persi Byishe Shelli ichida Cimitero Acattolico.[23] He wrote his own epitaph:

Spir't
is Life
It flows thru
the death of me
endlessly
like a river
unafraid
of becoming
dengiz

Iqtiboslar

  • "…a tough young kid from the Lower East Side who rose like an angel over the roof tops and sang Italian song as sweet as Caruso and Sinatra, but in words.… Amazing and beautiful, Gregory Corso, the one and only Gregory, the Herald."—Jack Kerouac – Introduction to Benzin
  • "Corso's a poet's Poet, a poet much superior to me. Pure velvet... whose wild fame's extended for decades around the world from France to China, World Poet.—Allen Ginsberg, "On Corso's Virtues"
  • "Gregory's voice echoes through a precarious future.... His vitality and resilience always shine through, with a light that is more than human: the immortal light of his Muse.... Gregory is indeed one of the Daddies."—William S. Burroughs
  • "The most important of the beat poets... a really true poet with an original voice"—Nancy Peters, editor of Shahar chiroqlari
  • "Other than Mr. Corso, Gregory was all you ever needed to know. He defined the name by his every word or act. Always succinct, he never tried. Once he called you 'My Ira' or 'My Janine' or 'My Allen,' he was forever 'Your Gregory'."—Ira Koen
  • "...It comes, I tell you, immense with gasolined rags and bits of wire and old bent nails, a dark arriviste, from a dark river within." – Gregory Corso, How Poetry Comes to Me (epigraph of Benzin)
  • "They, that unnamed "they", they've knocked me down but I got up. I always get up-and I swear when I went down quite often I took the fall; nothing moves a mountain but itself. They, I've long ago named them me." – Gregory Corso

Filmografiya

Bibliografiya

  • The Vestal Lady and Other Poems (1955, poetry)
  • This Hung-Up Age (1955, play)
  • Benzin (1958, poetry)
  • Bomba (1958, poetry)
  • The Happy Birthday of Death (1960, poetry)
  • Borish uchun daqiqalar (1960, visual poetry) with Sinkler Beyls, Uilyam S. Burrouz va Brion Gysin.
  • American Express (1961, novel)
  • Long Live Man (1962, poetry)
  • There is Yet Time to Run Back through Life and Expiate All That's been Sadly Done (1965, she'riyat)
  • Elegiac Feelings American (1970, poetry)
  • The Night Last Night was at its Nightest (1972, poetry)
  • Earth Egg (1974, she'riyat)
  • Writings from OX (1979, with interview by Maykl Andre )
  • Herald of the Autochthonic Spirit (1981, poetry)
  • Aqlli maydon (1989, poetry)
  • Mindfield: New and Selected Poems (1989, poetry)
  • King Of The Hill: with Nicholas Tremulis (1993, album)[24]
  • Bloody Show: with Nicholas Tremulis (1996, album)[25]
  • Brink of the World by Stephen R. Pastore and Gregory Corso(2008)
  • The Whole Shot: Collected Interviews with Gregory Corso (2015)
  • Sarpedon: A Play by Gregory Corso (1954) (2016)
  • Melted Parchment: Four previously unpublished poems Bilingual (English/Greek) edition. Greek translations by the poet Yannis Livadas. Raymond Foye Books 2019.

Adabiyotlar

  1. ^ Honan, William H. (January 19, 2001). "Gregory Corso Dies at 70; A Candid-Voiced Beat Poet" - NYTimes.com orqali.
  2. ^ "Gregory Corso – Gregory Corso Biography". She'r ovchisi. Olingan 18 dekabr, 2016.
  3. ^ "Gregory Corso: A Poet, the Beat Way". Carolyn Gaiser. A Casebook on the Beat. Ed. Thomas Parkinson. University of California Press, 1961. pp. 266–75. Rpt. yilda Poetry Criticism. Ed. Elisabeth Gellert and Ellen McGeagh. Vol. 33. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001.
  4. ^ "American Poets Since World War II". Ed. Donald J. Greiner. Adabiy biografiya lug'ati Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale Research, 1980.
  5. ^ (Nunzio) Gregory Corso. Onlayn zamonaviy mualliflar. Detroyt: Geyl, 2004 yil.
  6. ^ Janssen, Marian. "The enigmatic relationship of poets Isabella Gardner and Gregory Corso." Journal of Beat Studies. 3 (Annual 2014): p93+
  7. ^ "Henry Savage, Jr. (1903–1990) : Memory Hold The Door : School of Law | University of South Carolina". Law.sc.edu. Olingan 18 dekabr, 2016.
  8. ^ The Beat Hotel photographs (late 1950s and early 1960s) Arxivlandi 2009 yil 8-avgust, soat Orqaga qaytish mashinasi tomonidan Garold Chapman, Topfoto.co.uk
  9. ^ Holton, Rose, personal reminiscence, December 3, 2011.
  10. ^ Michael, Andre. "from an Interview with Gregory Corso". XARITALAR. Olingan 6-noyabr, 2016.
  11. ^ Cook, Bruce, Beat Generation. New York: Scribner, 1971. Print.
  12. ^ "Marriage", in Nelson, Cary. Zamonaviy Amerika she'riyatining antologiyasi. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 960.
  13. ^ Wiegand, Chris (July 24, 2018). "Ethan Hawke and Janeane Garofalo: how we made Reality Bites". Guardian. Olingan 24 iyul, 2018. I’m Gregory Corso!" he said. "You are an angel. I was destitute. And out of nowhere I got a cheque for $17,000!
  14. ^ a b "Catharine F. Seigel: From "Corso, Kinnell, and the Bomb" | Modern American Poetry". www.modernamericanpoetry.org.
  15. ^ Seigel, Catharine F. "Corso, Kinnell, and the Bomb". XARITALAR. Olingan 6-noyabr, 2016.
  16. ^ Michael, Andre. "from an Interview with Gregory Corso". XARITALAR. Olingan 6-noyabr, 2016.
  17. ^ "Bomb" in Nelson, Cary. Zamonaviy Amerika she'riyatining antologiyasi. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 963–7.
  18. ^ Kraemer, Christine (Summer 2002). "The Brake of Time: Corso's Bomb as Postmodern God(dess)". Texas til va adabiyot bo'yicha tadqiqotlar. 44 (2): 211–229. doi:10.1353/tsl.2002.0011.
  19. ^ Dylan, Bob. Solnomalar. Nyu York. 2004 yil.
  20. ^ Intoxication: Heathcliff on Powell Street, 2nd ed., Hedwig Gorski, Slough Press, 2009.
  21. ^ "hedwiggorskisite". sites.google.com. Arxivlandi asl nusxasi 2010 yil 2 yanvarda.
  22. ^ Morgan, Ted. Literary Outlaw, the Life and Times of William S. Burroughs.
  23. ^ Uilson, Skott. Dam olish joylari: 14000 dan ortiq taniqli odamlarning dafn etilgan joylari, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Locations 9936-9937). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition.
  24. ^ Tim Griggs. "King of the Hill – Nicholas Tremulis | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Olingan 18 dekabr, 2016.
  25. ^ Daevid Jehnzen (January 30, 1996). "Bloody Show – Nicholas Tremulis | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Olingan 18 dekabr, 2016.

Boshqa manbalar

  • Aquilone, Matthew. “1991.” 1991 Comments, 12 Mar. 2012, thenervousbreakdown.com/maquilone/2012/02/1991/.
  • Nizom, Ann (tahrir). Portativ Beat Reader. Nyu-York: Penguen kitoblari, 1992 yil. ISBN  0-14-015102-8 (hc);
  • Kraemer, Christine Hoff. “The Brake of Time: Corso's Bomb as Postmodern God(Dess).” Texas Studies in Literature and Language, vol. 44, yo'q. 2, 2002, pp. 211–229., doi:10.1353/tsl.2002.0011.
  • Olson, Kirby. Gregory Corso: Doubting Thomist. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2002.
  • Skau, Michael. A Clown in a Grave: Complexities and Tensions in the Work of Gregory Corso. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
  • Stivenson, Gregori. Exiled Angel: A Study of the Work of Gregory Corso. London: Hearing Eye Books, 1989.
  • Tobin, Daniel, and Pimone Triplett. Poet's Work, Poet's Play: Essays on the Practice and the Art. University of Michigan Press, 2008.

Qo'shimcha o'qish

  • Gregory Corso biography
  • Kashner, Sam, When I Was Cool, My Life at the Jack Kerouac School, New York: HarperCollins Perennial, 2005

Tashqi havolalar

Arxivlar

Boshqa havolalar